A pilot study of S100A4, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 in dilated cardiomyopathy: novel biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis?

Abstract Aims Circulating biomarkers can provide important information for the diagnosis and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We explored novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of DCM to improve clinical decision‐making. Methods and results A total of 238 DCM patients and 65 control were consecutively enrolled at Zhongshan Hospital between January 2017 and January 2019. In the screening set, four DCM patients and four controls underwent measurements of serum proteomic analysis. Seventy‐six differentially expressed circulating proteins were screened by data‐independent acquisition proteomics, and three of these proteins (S100A4, S100A8/A9, and S100A12) were validated by multiple‐reaction monitoring‐mass spectrometry. In the validation set, subsequently, a total of 234 DCM patients and 61 control subjects were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating S100A4, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 were significantly increased in DCM patients (P 0.05). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that S100A4 [≥75th percentile vs.