Screening for diabetes in asymptomatic children: A simple and efficient method

Background/Purpose: Type 2 diabetes has become an important cause of diabetes in children. Since most children with type 2 diabetes are asymptomatic, a screening method is needed. However, physicians are required in the screening methods recommended by professional associations. We aimed to develop a simple and efficient screening method for children with diabetes. Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted, which included 2,270,496 seventh-grade students. Students with two abnormal results in sequential urinalyses were given a fasting blood test. Three screening methods were developed. Results: Among the screening methods, method C is simple, and can be performed by parents, teachers, or school nurses. It suggests children with two abnormal results in sequential urinalyses and who are overweight or have a family history of diabetes receive blood tests. As a result, 0.10% of boys and 0.16% of girls were recommended to receive blood tests, and 7.0% of boys and 6.7% of girls receiving blood tests were diagnosed diabetes. On average, 15,002 boys and 9056 girls had to be screened to find one child with diabetes. The cost per 1000 children by method C was 2466.84 US dollars. Conclusion: Urinalysis screening followed by evaluation of risk factors is a simple and efficient way to identify children with diabetes in schools.