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Effect of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination to Prevent COVID-19 in Thai Households (VacPrevent trial)

Authors :
Marisa Muadchimkaew
Taweegrit Siripongboonsitti
Saowanee Wongpatcharawarakul
Chanyapak Boonsankaew
Kriangkrai Tawinprai
Kamonwan Soonklang
Nithi Mahanonda
Source :
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 124, Iss , Pp 190-198 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
Elsevier, 2022.

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted within households, with massive healthcare system burdens. The role of inactivated vaccines and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in the prevention of within-household transmission remains unknown. Methods: This observational case-control study tracked 408 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction–confirmed index cases from April to September 2021. This study aimed to prove the benefit of inactivated and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinated index cases in preventing within-household transmissibility. Results: A total of 1178 household contacts were investigated. A total of 231 index cases were vaccinated with inactivated or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, and 177 were unvaccinated. The vaccinated index cases exhibited a 7.8% risk reduction in household transmission. There was no difference in the secondary attack rate of 50.77% in unvaccinated cases compared with 46.81% in vaccinated index cases (P-value = 0.177). Those who completed the two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination demonstrated a 93% reduction in household transmissibility within 14-90 days. The effectiveness for preventing household transmission was 26.09%. The 87% reduced risk of household transmissibility was observed among those who wore masks. Conclusion: The completed two-dose SARS-CoV-2 inactivated and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination within 14-90 days among index cases demonstrated benefits in preventing within-household transmissibility. Implementing high-efficacy vaccination and an appropriate booster dose can prevent household transmission.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
12019712
Volume :
124
Issue :
190-198
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.4d3f38d8634044dea60757ca02375555
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.09.032