TABLE 1: DIABETES MELLITUS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. GENERAL ASPECTS

Physical activity is defined as any body movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure and results in energy expenditure higher than basal. Exercise is a planned, structured and repetitive physical activity. Regular exercise produces metabolic adaptations that improve blood glucose control increasing mitochondrial density and insulin signaling proteins, and cooperate to control lipid profile, blood pressure, psycological well-being, quality of life and depression in type 2 diabetes. The physical condition or fitness is the set of attributes that allow a person to perform physical activity in an efficient manner. The cardiorespiratory fitness is defined as the ability of the circulatory, respiratory and vascular systems to provide oxygen to the muscles during sustained physical activity. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) promotes a better improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness than traditional aerobic exercise. On the other hand, the thermogenesis of non-exercise activity (NEAT) refers to any energy expenditure that is produced by activities other than exercise, such as cooking. Small bursts of NEAT improve insulin management and lipolysis.