Exploring the Potential of ZnO Nanoparticle-Treated Fibers in Advancing Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites: A Review

Natural fiber-reinforced composites have attracted considerable attention as variable and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional materials in various industries. However, the development of high-performance natural fiber composites currently faces challenges due to the hydrophilic nature of natural fibers, incompatibility with the matrix, thermal instability, and poor interfacial bonding. To address these challenges, researchers have explored surface treatments, such as alkaline, silane, acetylation, and physical treatments. Unfortunately, such composites with organic compounds are not feasible in structural and high-temperature applications. Therefore, a potential solution lies in the application of ZnO nanoparticles for the surface treatment of natural fibers before preparing fiber-reinforced composites. In light of the aforementioned points, this paper aims to review the impact of using ZnO nanoparticle surface-treated natural fibers in composites, focusing on their mechanical, thermal, and water resistance properties. The review also highlights avenues for future research in this domain.