Research on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Visual Landing Guidance and Positioning Algorithms

Considering the weak resistance to interference and generalization ability of traditional UAV visual landing navigation algorithms, this paper proposes a deep-learning-based approach for airport runway line detection and fusion of visual information with IMU for localization. Firstly, a coarse positioning algorithm based on YOLOX is designed for airport runway localization. To meet the requirements of model accuracy and inference speed for the landing guidance system, regression loss functions, probability prediction loss functions, activation functions, and feature extraction networks are designed. Secondly, a deep-learning-based runway line detection algorithm including feature extraction, classification prediction and segmentation networks is designed. To create an effective detection network, we propose efficient loss function and network evaluation methods Finally, a visual/inertial navigation system is established based on constant deformation for visual localization. The relative positioning results are fused and optimized with Kalman filter algorithms. Simulation and flight experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits significant advantages in terms of localization accuracy, real-time performance, and generalization ability, and can provide accurate positioning information during UAV landing processes.