Intrarenal Doppler ultrasonography reflects hemodynamics and predicts prognosis in patients with heart failure

Abstract We aimed to clarify clinical implications of intrarenal hemodynamics assessed by intrarenal Doppler ultrasonography (IRD) and their prognostic impacts in heart failure (HF). We performed a prospective observational study, and examined IRD and measured interlobar renal artery velocity time integral (VTI) and intrarenal venous flow (IRVF) patterns (monophasic or non-monophasic pattern) to assess intrarenal hypoperfusion and congestion in HF patients (n = 341). Seven patients were excluded in VTI analysis due to unclear imaging. The patients were divided into groups based on (A) VTI: high VTI (VTI ≥ 14.0 cm, n = 231) or low VTI (VTI