A Multi-Scale Mask Convolution-Based Blind-Spot Network for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection

Existing methods of hyperspectral anomaly detection still face several challenges: (1) Due to the limitations of self-supervision, avoiding the identity mapping of anomalies remains difficult; (2) the ineffective interaction between spatial and spectral features leads to the insufficient utilization of spatial information; and (3) current methods are not adaptable to the detection of multi-scale anomaly targets. To address the aforementioned challenges, we proposed a blind-spot network based on multi-scale blind-spot convolution for HAD. The multi-scale mask convolution module is employed to adapt to diverse scales of anomaly targets, while the dynamic fusion module is introduced to integrate the advantages of mask convolutions at different scales. The proposed approach includes a spatial–spectral joint module and a background feature attention mechanism to enhance the interaction between spatial–spectral features, with a specific emphasis on highlighting the significance of background features within the network. Furthermore, we propose a preprocessing technique that combines pixel shuffle down-sampling (PD) with spatial spectral joint screening. This approach addresses anomalous identity mapping and enables finite-scale mask convolution for better detection of targets at various scales. The proposed approach was assessed on four real hyperspectral datasets comprising anomaly targets of different scales. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superior performance of the proposed methodology compared with nine state-of-the-art methods.