Digital Challenges: Investigating Computer Vision Syndrome in Thai Esports Through a Case-Control Approach

Narttaya Chaiwiang, Juthamanee Koo-akarakul Department of Optometry, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Juthamanee Koo-akarakul, Department of Optometry, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand, Email juthamanee.k@rumail.ru.ac.thPurpose: To determine the factors associated with eyestrain in esports athletes in Bangkok compared with controls.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between April and June 2023, involving 160 male participants (aged 20– 35 years) who used digital devices, consisting of esports athletes and a control group. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q), and Depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21). Ophthalmic instruments were used for the eye examinations by an optometrist.Results: Seventy-six esports athletes showed significantly lower visual performance than controls in logMAR visual acuity (p < 0.020), phoria (p < 0.001), negative fusional vergence (blur, break, and recovery) (p < 0.012, p < 0.004 and p < 0.039), positive fusional vergence (blur, break, and recovery) (p < 0.005, p < 0.001 and p < 0.005), monocular estimation method (p < 0.001), monocular and binocular accommodative facility (p < 0.001), and vergence facility (p < 0.001). A study on risk factors for CVS found that esports athletes were significantly more likely to have CVS (p < 0.001). Work environments with high-intensity lighting significantly increase the risk of CVS compared to low-intensity lighting (p < 0.001). The use of a digital device for > 4 h/day, having a history of alcohol consumption, and stress significantly increased the risk of CVS (p < 0.001, p < 0.023, p < 0.048).Conclusion: This study found that esports athletes experienced vision health problems, indicating the need to prevent eyestrain caused by the use of digital devices.Keywords: esports athlete, eyestrain, CVS-Q, digital devices, visual performance