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Epidemiology of the Rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian Children: A Case-Control Pneumonia Etiology Study

Authors :
Vicky L. Baillie
David P. Moore
Azwifarwi Mathunjwa
Henry C. Baggett
Abdullah Brooks
Daniel R. Feikin
Laura L. Hammitt
Stephen R. C. Howie
Maria Deloria Knoll
Karen L. Kotloff
Orin S. Levine
Katherine L. O’Brien
Anthony G. Scott
Donald M. Thea
Martin Antonio
Juliet O. Awori
Amanda J. Driscoll
Nicholas S. S. Fancourt
Melissa M. Higdon
Ruth A. Karron
Susan C. Morpeth
Justin M. Mulindwa
David R. Murdoch
Daniel E. Park
Christine Prosperi
Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
Mustafizur Rahman
Rasheed A. Salaudeen
Pongpun Sawatwong
Somwe Wa Somwe
Samba O. Sow
Milagritos D. Tapia
Eric A. F. Simões
Shabir A. Madhi
Source :
Viruses, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 1249 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

Rhinovirus (RV) is commonly detected in asymptomatic children; hence, its pathogenicity during childhood pneumonia remains controversial. We evaluated RV epidemiology in HIV-uninfected children hospitalized with clinical pneumonia and among community controls. PERCH was a case-control study that enrolled children (1–59 months) hospitalized with severe and very severe pneumonia per World Health Organization clinical criteria and age-frequency-matched community controls in seven countries. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected for all participants, combined, and tested for RV and 18 other respiratory viruses using the Fast Track multiplex real-time PCR assay. RV detection was more common among cases (24%) than controls (21%) (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI:1.3–1.6). This association was driven by the children aged 12–59 months, where 28% of cases vs. 18% of controls were RV-positive (aOR = 2.1, 95%CI:1.8–2.5). Wheezing was 1.8-fold (aOR 95%CI:1.4–2.2) more prevalent among pneumonia cases who were RV-positive vs. RV-negative. Of the RV-positive cases, 13% had a higher probability (>75%) that RV was the cause of their pneumonia based on the PERCH integrated etiology analysis; 99% of these cases occurred in children over 12 months in Bangladesh. RV was commonly identified in both cases and controls and was significantly associated with severe pneumonia status among children over 12 months of age, particularly those in Bangladesh. RV-positive pneumonia was associated with wheezing.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
19994915
Volume :
13
Issue :
7
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Viruses
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.57503233824f0cab1d572ba91f6ba8
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071249