Synergistic Effects of a Calcium Phosphate/Fibronectin Coating on the Adhesion of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells onto Decellularized Dental Root Surfaces

This study aimed to enhance the attachment of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) onto the decellularized dental root surface using surface coating with fibronectin and/or calcium phosphate (CaP) and to evaluate the activity of PDLSCs attached to a coated dental root surface following tooth replantation. PDLSCs were isolated from five dogs, and the other dental roots were used as a scaffold for carrying PDLSCs and then assigned to one of four groups according to whether their surface was coated with CaP, fibronectin, CaP/fibronectin, or left uncoated (control). Fibronectin increased the adhesion of PDLSCs onto dental root surfaces compared to both the control and CaP-coated groups, and simultaneous surface coating with CaP and fibronectin significantly accelerated and increased PDLSC adhesion compared to the fibronectin-only group. On in vivo tooth replantation, functionally oriented periodontal new attachment was observed on the CaP/fibronectin-coated dental roots to which autologous PDLSCs had adhered, while in the control condition, dental root replantation was associated only with root resorption and ankylosis along the entire root length. CaP and fibronectin synergistically enhanced the attachment of PDLSCs onto dental root surfaces, and autologous PDLSCs could produce de novo periodontal new attachment in an experimental in vivo model.