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Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework

Authors :
Arjun Ram
S. K. Tiwari
H. K. Pandey
Abhishek Kumar Chaurasia
Supriya Singh
Y. V. Singh
Source :
Applied Water Science, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp 1-20 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
SpringerOpen, 2021.

Abstract

Abstract Groundwater is an important source for drinking water supply in hard rock terrain of Bundelkhand massif particularly in District Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh, India. An attempt has been made in this work to understand the suitability of groundwater for human consumption. The parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, copper, manganese, silver, zinc, iron and nickel were analysed to estimate the groundwater quality. The water quality index (WQI) has been applied to categorize the water quality viz: excellent, good, poor, etc. which is quite useful to infer the quality of water to the people and policy makers in the concerned area. The WQI in the study area ranges from 4.75 to 115.93. The overall WQI in the study area indicates that the groundwater is safe and potable except few localized pockets in Charkhari and Jaitpur Blocks. The Hill-Piper Trilinear diagram reveals that the groundwater of the study area falls under Na+-Cl−, mixed Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl− and Ca2+- $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - types. The granite-gneiss contains orthoclase feldspar and biotite minerals which after weathering yields bicarbonate and chloride rich groundwater. The correlation matrix has been created and analysed to observe their significant impetus on the assessment of groundwater quality. The current study suggests that the groundwater of the area under deteriorated water quality needs treatment before consumption and also to be protected from the perils of geogenic/anthropogenic contamination.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
21905487 and 21905495
Volume :
11
Issue :
2
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Applied Water Science
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.5beba35add4ad791ab64ef51b00725
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-021-01376-7