Deep learning fusion framework for automated coronary artery disease detection using raw heart sound signals

One of the most common cardiovascular diseases is coronary artery disease (CAD). Thus, it is crucial for early CAD diagnosis to control disease progression. Computer-aided CAD detection often converts heart sounds into graphics for analysis. However, this method relies heavily on the subjective experience of experts. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a method for CAD detection using raw heart sound signals by constructing a fusion framework with two CAD detection models: a multidomain feature model and a medical multidomain feature fusion model. We collected heart sound signal datasets from 400 participants, extracting 206 multidomain features and 126 medical multidomain features. The designed framework fused the same one-dimensional deep learning features with different multidomain features for CAD detection. The experimental results showed that the multidomain feature model and the medical multidomain feature fusion model achieved areas under the curve (AUC) of 94.7 % and 92.7 %, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of the fusion framework in integrating one-dimensional and cross-domain heart sound features through deep learning algorithms, providing an effective solution for noninvasive CAD detection.