Bi-Directional Convolutional Recurrent Reconstructive Network for Welding Defect Detection

Nowadays, the welding process is essential in various manufacturing industrial fields, such as aerospace, vehicle production, and shipbuilding. The welding defects caused in the process need to be monitored as they can cause serious accidents and losses. Traditional computer vision methods in an industrial application are inefficient when the detection targets have variations in shape, scale, and color because the detection performance depends on the hand-crafted features. To overcome this limitation, deep learning models, such as the convolutional neural network (CNN), are applied to industrial defect detection. These CNN-based models trained on static images, however, have a low performance that cannot meet the industrial requirements. To deal with the challenge, bidirectional Convolutional Recurrent Reconstructive Network (bi-CRRN) is proposed for welding defect detection and localization based on welding video. Spatio-temporal data, specifically the forward and backward sequences, are considered in our bi-CRRN to get high detection performance. Moreover, an automatic defect detection equipment is developed to weld a material and monitor the welding bead simultaneously. We demonstrate that the proposed bi-CRRN outperforms the other segmentation network models in welding defect detection.