Elucidating the molecular mechanism of angiogenic activity of sulfate glycosaminoglycan derived from fish swim bladder in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Fish swim bladders are considered a traditional marine aquatic food that has medicinal and nutritional properties. Sulfate glycosaminoglycans (SBSG) obtained from fish swim bladders may have anti-angiogenic activity. However, the anti-angiogenic activity of SBSG and its mechanism has not been reported. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of SBSG on angiogenesis and examined molecular pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using cell viability, chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, tube formation assay, and proteomic analyses. The results demonstrated that the SBSG significantly (P