Arctic and Southern Ocean polar sea level maps and along-tracks from multi-mission satellite altimetry from 2011 to 2021

Polar sea surface height observation by radar altimeters requires missions with high-latitude orbit and specific processing to observe the sea-ice-covered region within fractures in the ice. Here, we combine sea surface height estimates from different radar satellites over the ice-free and ice-covered polar oceans to create cross-calibrated along-tracks and gridded products over the Arctic Ocean (2011–2021) and the Southern Ocean (2013–2021). The sea surface height from our regional polar products is in great agreement with tide gauges and bottom pressure recorders at monthly timescales in seasonally to year-round ice-covered regions. Thanks to the use of several missions and the mapping strategy, our multi-mission products have a greater resolution than mono-mission products. Part of the sea level variability of the Arctic Ocean product is related to the Arctic Oscillation atmospheric circulation. At long term, the Arctic altimetry sea level is coherent with in-situ steric height evolution in the Beaufort gyre, and negative sea level trends over the 10-year period are observed in the East Siberian slope region, which may be related to the local freshwater decrease observed by other studies. Our regional polar sea level products are limited by current understanding of the sea-ice lead measurements, and homogenization of these polar products with global sea level products needs to be tackled.