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Tocotrienols: A Family of Molecules with Specific Biological Activities

Authors :
Raffaella Comitato
Roberto Ambra
Fabio Virgili
Source :
Antioxidants, Vol 6, Iss 4, p 93 (2017)
Publication Year :
2017
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2017.

Abstract

Vitamin E is a generic term frequently used to group together eight different molecules, namely: α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol and the corresponding tocotrienols. The term tocopherol and eventually Vitamin E and its related activity was originally based on the capacity of countering foetal re-absorption in deficient rodents or the development of encephalomalacia in chickens. In humans, Vitamin E activity is generally considered to be solely related to the antioxidant properties of the tocolic chemical structure. In recent years, several reports have shown that specific activities exist for each different tocotrienol form. In this short review, tocotrienol ability to inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis thanks to specific mechanisms, not shared by tocopherols, such as the binding to Estrogen Receptor-β (ERβ) and the triggering of endoplasmic reticulum (EndoR) stress will be described. The neuroprotective activity will also be presented and discussed. We propose that available studies strongly indicate that specific forms of tocotrienols have a distinct mechanism and biological activity, significantly different from tocopherol and more specifically from α-tocopherol. We therefore suggest not pooling them together within the broad term “Vitamin E” on solely the basis of their putative antioxidant properties. This option implies obvious consequences in the assessment of dietary Vitamin E adequacy and, probably more importantly, on the possibility of evaluating a separate biological variable, determinant in the relationship between diet and health.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20763921
Volume :
6
Issue :
4
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Antioxidants
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.67058d64e93d4155903aa21c1d44947e
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox6040093