Daytime naps and depression risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies

BackgroundThe relationship between daytime napping and depression remains debatable. Thus, a meta-analysis in this study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between daytime napping and depression.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched up to February 2022, and the reference lists of the included studies were also retrieved. A random-effects model was used to estimate the combined effect size.ResultsNine studies with 649,111 participants were included in the final analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was 1.15 (95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.31) with a significant heterogeneity (I2 = 91.3%, P for heterogeneity