Experience in Clinical Application of Cryopreserved Placental Derivatives: Cells, Tissue, Membranes, Extract, and Cord Blood Serum

Background. The human placenta is a promising source of biomaterial for regenerative medicine. This is primarily due to the availability of a sufficient amount of material, low immunogenicity, a large number of stem cells, and high proliferative cell potential. The effectiveness of stem cells, their lysates, and conditioned media in various pathological conditions has been proven in many studies. Most studies are experimental, or are in different phases of clinical trials. At the same time, in Ukraine there is a wealth of experience of cli­nical using the cryopreserved placenta medico-immunobiological preparations, which can be the basis for further application of placental material. Objective. We aim to perform a critical analysis of data on the effectiveness and prospects of application of the cryo­preserved placenta preparations (cells, tissues, membranes, extract and cord blood serum) in clinical practice. Methods. The results of clinical application of 2,579 medical immunobiological Platex and Cryocell placenta preparations were analyzed. An attention was paid to the effectiveness, course of concomitant, comorbid pathology in patients, as well as the presence of negative responses and complications. The number of the preparations used and the one of the patients according to the nosological forms were counted. Results. The experience of application of medical immunobiological preparations of placental origin in obstetric-gynecological, therapeutic, neurological and endocrinological pathologies is analyzed in the work. The obtained data are compared with the research results in the corresponding model experiments of in vitro and in vivo systems. The positive effect of placental preparations on the course of miscarriage, climacteric syndrome, infertility, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, trophic ulcers has been determined. Contraindications for placenta preparations are some malignancies and an infectious disease process without proper pathogen elimination. Conclusions. Cryopreserved placenta preparations are effective when used in obstetric, gynecological, neurological, endocrinological and therapeutic practice. Their effect is primarily observed in diseases, which are accompanied by autoimmune reactions, hormonal disorders, dysplastic or degenerative processes. The restric­ted application of placenta preparations is infectious disease process without proper pathogen elimination.