Taurine alleviates high-fat-high-glucose-induced pancreatic islet β-cell oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat

The effect of taurine (TAU) as a specific regulatory mediator on pancreatic function in obese rats induced by a high-fat-high-glucose (HFHG) diet was investigated. We fed male Sprague-Dawley rats under different conditions, namely the control, HFHG, TAU, and HFHG + TAU treatment groups for 4 months. Compared with the HFHG group, TAU supplementation significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels and increased superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione levels in the rat pancreas. In addition, TAU significantly decreased the level of reactive oxygen species, and markedly increased the activity of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP-1), and nuclear factor erythrocyte-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the rat pancreas. Notably, HFHG diet could induce pancreatic injury in the rats through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and activate the mitochondrial channel-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. The addition of TAU significantly improved the pancreatic tissue injury induced by the HFHG diet in the rats and reduced the protein expression of Caspase-3, Cleaved-caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bcl-2 associated protein X (BAX), and increased the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). In conclusion, this experiment confirmed that TAU could alleviate the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by the HFHG diet in rat pancreatic β-cells.