Valorization of Fermented Food Wastes and Byproducts: Bioactive and Valuable Compounds, Bioproduct Synthesis, and Applications

Significant amounts of fermented food waste are generated worldwide, promoting an abundance of residual biomass that can be used as raw material to extract bioactive peptides, fermentable sugars, polyphenols, and valuable compounds for synthesizing bioproducts. Therefore, generating these high-value-added products reduces the environmental impact caused by waste disposal and increases the industrial economic value of the final products. This review presents opportunities for synthesizing bioproducts and recovering bioactive compounds (employing wastes and byproducts from fermented sources) with several biological properties to support their consumption as dietary supplements that can benefit human health. Herein, the types of fermented food waste and byproducts (i.e., vegetables, bread wastes, dairy products, brewing, and winery sources), pre-treatment processes, the methods of obtaining products, the potential health benefits observed for the bioactive compounds recovered, and other technological applications of bioproducts are discussed. Therefore, there is currently a tendency to use these wastes to boost bioeconomic policies and support a circular bioeconomy approach that is focused on biorefinery concepts, biotechnology, and bioprocesses.