Values of ultrasound features and MMP-9 of papillary thyroid carcinoma in predicting cervical lymph node metastases

Abstract Preoperative assessment of the cervical lymph node status is important in therapeutic schedule and further evaluations of prognosis for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. Our aim was to investigate the diagnostic values of conventional ultrasound (US), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features and the expression of MMP-9 of PTC in predicting the cervical lymph node metastases (LNM). In total, 156 patients with PTC confirmed by surgical pathology were included. Seventy-one patients had cervical LNM, while 85 patients had no LNM. The patients had cervical LNM (39.51 ± 13.29 years) were younger than those had no LNM (44.15 ± 10.94 years) (P = 0.02). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that tumor size ≥0.95 cm (OR = 13.47), ill-defined margin (OR = 4.31), internal heterogeneous low-enhancement (OR = 5.19) and ECE (OR = 25.25) were predictive for the presence of cervical LNM. The detection rate of ECE for the PTC with LNM by CEUS (81.48%, 44/54) was higher than by US (46.30%, 25/54). There was significant difference in MMP-9 intensity between PTC with and without cervical LNM (P = 0.000), and intense reactions (+++) were mainly found in the PTCs with LNM (80.95%, 17/21). In conclusion, the combination of conventional US, CEUS features and MMP-9 expression may serve as an effective tool for predicting the cervical LNM of PTC.