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Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer

Authors :
Ning Xu
Ru-Nan Dong
Ting-Ting Lin
Tian Lin
Yun-Zhi Lin
Shao-Hao Chen
Jun-Ming Zhu
Zhi-Bin Ke
Fei Huang
Ye-Hui Chen
Xue-Yi Xue
Source :
Frontiers in Oncology, Vol 11 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2021.

Abstract

M2-tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) work as a promoter in the processes of bone metastases, chemotherapy resistance, and castration resistance in prostate cancer (PCa), but how M2-TAMs affect PCa has not been fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells using the CIBERSORT algorithm, based on samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Then we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis to examine the modules concerning infiltrated M2-TAMs. Gene Ontology analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were performed for functional annotation and a protein–protein interaction network was constructed. The International Cancer Genomics Consortium cohort was used as a validation cohort. The red module showed the most correlation with M2-TAMs in PCa. Biological processes and pathways were mainly associated with the immune-related processes, as revealed by functional annotation. Four hub genes were screened: ACSL1, DLGAP5, KIF23 and NCAPG. Further validation showed that the four hub genes had a higher expression level in tumor tissues than that in normal tissues, and they were good prognosis biomarkers for PCa. In conclusion, these findings contribute to understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of how M2-TAMs affect PCa, and looking for the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PCa patients.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2234943X
Volume :
11
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Oncology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.6e25993d042e4c3bb668ecec3332dc0a
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.634075