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T helper 1 effector memory CD4+ T cells protect the skin from poxvirus infection
- Source :
- Cell Reports, Vol 42, Iss 5, Pp 112407- (2023)
- Publication Year :
- 2023
- Publisher :
- Elsevier, 2023.
-
Abstract
- Summary: Poxvirus infections of the skin are a recent emerging public health concern, yet the mechanisms that mediate protective immunity against these viral infections remain largely unknown. Here, we show that T helper 1 (Th1) memory CD4+ T cells are necessary and sufficient to provide complete and broad protection against poxvirus skin infections, whereas memory CD8+ T cells are dispensable. Core 2 O-glycan-synthesizing Th1 effector memory CD4+ T cells rapidly infiltrate the poxvirus-infected skin microenvironment and produce interferon γ (IFNγ) in an antigen-dependent manner, causing global changes in gene expression to promote anti-viral immunity. Keratinocytes express IFN-stimulated genes, upregulate both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II antigen presentation in an IFNγ-dependent manner, and require IFNγ receptor (IFNγR) signaling and MHC class II expression for memory CD4+ T cells to protect the skin from poxvirus infection. Thus, Th1 effector memory CD4+ T cells exhibit potent anti-viral activity within the skin, and keratinocytes are the key targets of IFNγ necessary for preventing poxvirus infection of the epidermis.
- Subjects :
- CP: Immunology
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 22111247
- Volume :
- 42
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Cell Reports
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.6e4c0481da4d4781a64b5fe1b2ada48a
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112407