Greener approach using Citrus sinensis fruit towards the rapid in vivo eco-synthesis of natural supported bioactive NCs: Ag@Xanthan, CuO@Fe3O4@nanoclay and TiO2@CeO2@montmorinent NCs

For the first time, an economic, highly efficient, simple, fast and in vivo protocol by the Citrus sinensis fruit was employed for biosynthesis of some bioactive Ag@Xanthan, CuO@Fe3O4@nanoclay and TiO@CeO2@Montmorinent Nanocomposites (NCs). The RP-HPLC-DAD fingerprint record of the fruit demonstrated the presence of potent antioxidants such as oxalic acid, tannic acid, mallic acid, ascorbic acid, and citric acid. The NCs were structurally characterized through the spectroscopic (Uv–vis and FT-IR methods) and surface analysis techniques (TEM, XRD, EDS methods). Furthermore, the impact of the in vivo method was studied using FT-IR spectroscopy on the hyper-accumulation of phytochemicals on the surface of green nanocomposites and their bioactivity. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of green synthesized NCs demonstrated very well results against some dangerous bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aureus), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) compared to ascorbic acid and chloramphenicol as positive controls of antioxidant and antibacterial activities, respectively.