Research Progress in Active Components of Plant Extracts Resistant to Pseudorabies Virus

Pseudorabies is a hot infectious disease, which can cause fever, encephalomyelitis, multiple organ failure, paralysis and other symptoms in infected animals. The pathogen of the disease is enveloped DNA virus, and pig is the only natural repository, which has strong resistance to the host and can attack the nervous system of the host. The prevalence of pseudorabies seriously harms the pig industry in China, therefore, it is listed among the diseases that need priority control and purification in China. At present, one of the main prevention and control measures against pseudorabies in pigs is vaccination. However, the virus is prone to mutate to produce new strains, which leads to the decline of the immune effect of the vaccine, and difficult to provide complete protection. Therefore, it is very important to find and develop new drugs as substitutes for the prevention and control of pseudorabies. There are many natural active ingredients in plant extracts, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and etc. These ingredients not only have antibacterial activity, antioxidant properties and antitoxin properties, but also have certain therapeutic effects on animal diseases. These active ingredients possess the advantages of multifunction and less side effects, which can effectively guarantee the safety of pig breeding and production. In the study, the active components of plant extracts are briefly summarized, the antiviral effects of different active components of plant extracts on pseudorabies virus are emphatically summarized, and the application prospects are discussed in order to provide references for the research and development of novel plant drugs.