S-adenosyl-L-methionine supplementation alleviates aortic dissection by decreasing inflammatory infiltration

Abstract Methionine, an indispensable amino acid crucial for dietary balance, intricately governs metabolic pathways. Disruption in its equilibrium has the potential to heighten homocysteine levels in both plasma and tissues, posing a conceivable risk of inducing inflammation and detriment to the integrity of vascular endothelial cells. The intricate interplay between methionine metabolism, with a specific focus on S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), and the onset of thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) remains enigmatic despite acknowledging the pivotal role of inflammation in this vascular condition. In an established murine model induced by β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate (BAPN), we delved into the repercussions of supplementing with S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) on the progression of TAD. Our observations uncovered a noteworthy improvement in aortic dissection and rupture rates, accompanied by a marked reduction in mortality upon SAM supplementation. Notably, SAM supplementation exhibited a considerable protective effect against BAPN-induced degradation of elastin and the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, SAM supplementation demonstrated a robust inhibitory influence on the infiltration of immune cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages. It also manifested a notable reduction in the inflammatory polarization of macrophages, evident through diminished accumulation of MHC-IIhigh macrophages and reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL1β and TNFα in macrophages. Simultaneously, SAM supplementation exerted a suppressive effect on the activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells within the aorta. This was evidenced by an elevated proportion of CD44- CD62L + naïve T cells and a concurrent decrease in CD44 + CD62L- effector T cells. In summary, our findings strongly suggest that the supplementation of SAM exhibits remarkable efficacy in alleviating BAPN-induced aortic inflammation, consequently impeding the progression of thoracic aortic dissection.