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T cell receptor sequencing identifies prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlates with neutralizing antibodies and disease severity
- Source :
- JCI Insight, Vol 7, Iss 10 (2022)
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- American Society for Clinical investigation, 2022.
-
Abstract
- BACKGROUND Measuring the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 enables assessment of past infection and protective immunity. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces humoral and T cell responses, but these responses vary with disease severity and individual characteristics.METHODS A T cell receptor (TCR) immunosequencing assay was conducted using small-volume blood samples from 302 individuals recovered from COVID-19. Correlations between the magnitude of the T cell response and neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers or indicators of disease severity were evaluated. Sensitivity of T cell testing was assessed and compared with serologic testing.RESULTS SARS-CoV-2–specific T cell responses were significantly correlated with nAb titers and clinical indicators of disease severity, including hospitalization, fever, and difficulty breathing. Despite modest declines in depth and breadth of T cell responses during convalescence, high sensitivity was observed until at least 6 months after infection, with overall sensitivity ~5% greater than serology tests for identifying prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Improved performance of T cell testing was most apparent in recovered, nonhospitalized individuals sampled > 150 days after initial illness, suggesting greater sensitivity than serology at later time points and in individuals with less severe disease. T cell testing identified SARS-CoV-2 infection in 68% (55 of 81) of samples with undetectable nAb titers (
- Subjects :
- COVID-19
Infectious disease
Medicine
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 23793708
- Volume :
- 7
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- JCI Insight
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.720e1a7f2ea4a9bb6e8db6d06e7b8ab
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.150070