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T cell receptor sequencing identifies prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlates with neutralizing antibodies and disease severity

Authors :
Rebecca Elyanow
Thomas M. Snyder
Sudeb C. Dalai
Rachel M. Gittelman
Jim Boonyaratanakornkit
Anna Wald
Stacy Selke
Mark H. Wener
Chihiro Morishima
Alexander L. Greninger
Michael Gale Jr.
Tien-Ying Hsiang
Lichen Jing
Michael R. Holbrook
Ian M. Kaplan
H. Jabran Zahid
Damon H. May
Jonathan M. Carlson
Lance Baldo
Thomas Manley
Harlan S. Robins
David M. Koelle
Source :
JCI Insight, Vol 7, Iss 10 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
American Society for Clinical investigation, 2022.

Abstract

BACKGROUND Measuring the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 enables assessment of past infection and protective immunity. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces humoral and T cell responses, but these responses vary with disease severity and individual characteristics.METHODS A T cell receptor (TCR) immunosequencing assay was conducted using small-volume blood samples from 302 individuals recovered from COVID-19. Correlations between the magnitude of the T cell response and neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers or indicators of disease severity were evaluated. Sensitivity of T cell testing was assessed and compared with serologic testing.RESULTS SARS-CoV-2–specific T cell responses were significantly correlated with nAb titers and clinical indicators of disease severity, including hospitalization, fever, and difficulty breathing. Despite modest declines in depth and breadth of T cell responses during convalescence, high sensitivity was observed until at least 6 months after infection, with overall sensitivity ~5% greater than serology tests for identifying prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Improved performance of T cell testing was most apparent in recovered, nonhospitalized individuals sampled > 150 days after initial illness, suggesting greater sensitivity than serology at later time points and in individuals with less severe disease. T cell testing identified SARS-CoV-2 infection in 68% (55 of 81) of samples with undetectable nAb titers (

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
23793708
Volume :
7
Issue :
10
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
JCI Insight
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.720e1a7f2ea4a9bb6e8db6d06e7b8ab
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.150070