The Turkish Adaptation Study of the Gamification User Types Hexad Scale

The aim of this study isto adapt the Gamification User Types Hexad Scale (GUTHS)developed by Tondello et al. (2016) into the Turkish context. The originalscale consists of six dimensions, each of which has four items. The dimensions— and the user types that they refer to — are “Free spirit,” “Socializer,”“Achiever,” “Philanthropist,” “Player,” and “Disruptor.” It is the motive ofthis study that identifying and studying these user types may prove useful forunderstanding the effects of gamification dynamics and mechanics and assist indesigning specific gamification techniques corresponding to each user type. Theadaptation of the instrument began with translation, continued with anexamination of the linguistic equivalence, and finalized with analyses ofvalidity and reliability. The scale items were initially translated by theresearchers. The translation was examined by seven experts with good Englishproficiency to finalize the Turkish version. To verify the linguisticequivalence, both the Turkish and English versions were then administered to 30English Language Education (ELE) students. The correlation findings showed ahigh degree of correlation between the Turkish and English versions. Next, theTurkish version was administered to 452 university students studying at theFaculty of Education, Sakarya University, to check its validity andreliability. The results obtained from a confirmatory factor analysis and thereliability analysis indicate that the Turkish version of the scale is validand reliable. It is recommended to use the translated scale in researchespecially on determining the effects of factors related to user types and ondesigning more affective gamification strategies.