Research and Application of Multifunctional Self-Cleaning Coatings Based on Superhydrophilic and Superhydrophobic Properties

Solid materials are contaminated by contaminants such as dust, dirt, grease and other contaminants that accumulate on their surfaces, which in turn leads to problems such as material wastage and malfunctioning. An effective method to address these problems is to apply a special wetting self-cleaning coating with superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic properties. In this paper, the theoretical wetting models, wetting parameters and lubrication behavior were elucidated starting from the theory of solid surface wettability; the working principles of superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic self-cleaning functions were explored. Additionally, the preparation methods, advantages and disadvantages of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic self-cleaning coatings at home and abroad were introduced, as well as their multifunctional applications in the fields of photovoltaic power generation, anti-icing and anti-frost and metal corrosion protection. In conclusion, it was pointed out that there was an insufficient evaluation of the comprehensive performance of the coatings, including aspects such as stability and resistance to peeling. Moreover, consideration of the environmental factors relevant to their application was lacking. The prospects for further research on these coatings were also discussed.