Improving pre-operative planning of robot assisted nephron sparing surgery using three-dimensional anatomical model

Introduction: Despite the introduction of robot-assisted surgery in daily clinical practice, complex renal masses are still challenging even for expert surgeon. In this scenario 3D anatomical models and augmented reality represent valuable tools for the surgeon. Materials and methods: We present a challenging case where PN was mandatory to preserve the overall renal function. The patient was 69 years old, with indwelling catheter for BPH and Parkinson disease. After a single episode of hematuria with negative cystoscopy, a cT1N0M0 renal cancer was diagnosed (38 mm maximum diameter). Pre-operative three-dimensional (3D) model was obtained.After multidisciplinary discussion robot-assisted partial nephrectomy was proposed. The surgery was planned according to the anatomical model. Results: Before the procedure a 7Ch single loop ureteral stent was placed. The surgery was carried out in 220 minutes. Selective ischaemia was perfomed for 24 minutes. Estimated blood loss was 400cc. No post-operative complications were observed.Ureteral stent was removed 4 days after the surgery. Definitive histological examination described a pG2-3 T1a Nx R0 clear cell renal carcinoma. Conclusion: In selected cases 3D model result to be a useful tool for the pre-operative planning of the surgery.