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Animal Models Utilized for the Development of Influenza Virus Vaccines

Authors :
Ericka Kirkpatrick Roubidoux
Stacey Schultz-Cherry
Source :
Vaccines, Vol 9, Iss 7, p 787 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

Animal models have been an important tool for the development of influenza virus vaccines since the 1940s. Over the past 80 years, influenza virus vaccines have evolved into more complex formulations, including trivalent and quadrivalent inactivated vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, and subunit vaccines. However, annual effectiveness data shows that current vaccines have varying levels of protection that range between 40–60% and must be reformulated every few years to combat antigenic drift. To address these issues, novel influenza virus vaccines are currently in development. These vaccines rely heavily on animal models to determine efficacy and immunogenicity. In this review, we describe seasonal and novel influenza virus vaccines and highlight important animal models used to develop them.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2076393X
Volume :
9
Issue :
7
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Vaccines
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.73bda47a75a4e7a92b92ee76867880f
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070787