Humoral and T-cell mediated response after administration of mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in frail populations

Patients with frailty are considered to be at greater risk to get severe infection from SARS-CoV-2. One of the most effective strategies is vaccination.In our study we evaluated both the humoral immune response elicited by the vaccination at different time points, and the T-cell response in terms of interferon (IFN)-γ production in frail patients and healthy donors.Fifty-seven patients (31 patients undergoing hemodialysis and 26 HIV positive subjects) and 39 healthcare workers were enrolled. All participants received two doses of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2.Healthcare workers showed a significantly higher antibody titer than patients twenty-one days after the first dose (p