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The costs, health and economic impact of air pollution control strategies: a systematic review

Authors :
Siyuan Wang
Rong Song
Zhiwei Xu
Mingsheng Chen
Gian Luca Di Tanna
Laura Downey
Stephen Jan
Lei Si
Source :
Global Health Research and Policy, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
BMC, 2024.

Abstract

Abstract Background Air pollution poses a significant threat to global public health. While broad mitigation policies exist, an understanding of the economic consequences, both in terms of health benefits and mitigation costs, remains lacking. This study systematically reviewed the existing economic implications of air pollution control strategies worldwide. Methods A predefined search strategy, without limitations on region or study design, was employed to search the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and CEA registry databases for studies from their inception to November 2023 using keywords such as “cost–benefit analyses”, “air pollution”, and “particulate matter”. Focus was placed on studies that specifically considered the health benefits of air pollution control strategies. The evidence was summarized by pollution control strategy and reported using principle economic evaluation measurements such as net benefits and benefit–cost ratios. Results The search yielded 104 studies that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 75, 21, and 8 studies assessed the costs and benefits of outdoor, indoor, and mixed control strategies, respectively, of which 54, 15, and 3 reported that the benefits of the control strategy exceeded the mitigation costs. Source reduction (n = 42) and end-of-pipe treatments (n = 15) were the most commonly employed pollution control methodologies. The association between particulate matter (PM) and mortality was the most widely assessed exposure-effect relationship and had the largest health gains (n = 42). A total of 32 studies employed a broader benefits framework, examining the impacts of air pollution control strategies on the environment, ecology, and society. Of these, 31 studies reported partially or entirely positive economic evidence. However, despite overwhelming evidence in support of these strategies, the studies also highlighted some policy flaws concerning equity, optimization, and uncertainty characterization. Conclusions Nearly 70% of the reviewed studies reported that the economic benefits of implementing air pollution control strategies outweighed the relative costs. This was primarily due to the improved mortality and morbidity rates associated with lowering PM levels. In addition to health benefits, air pollution control strategies were also associated with other environmental and social benefits, strengthening the economic case for implementation. However, future air pollution control strategy designs will need to address some of the existing policy limitations.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
23970642
Volume :
9
Issue :
1
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Global Health Research and Policy
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.7504edf3c4f4d6183b71916eed24b71
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-024-00373-y