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Morphological and Electrochemical Properties of ZnMn2O4 Nanopowders and Their Aggregated Microspheres Prepared by Simple Spray Drying Process
- Source :
- Nanomaterials, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 680 (2022)
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2022.
-
Abstract
- Phase-pure ZnMn2O4 nanopowders and their aggregated microsphere powders for use as anode material in lithium-ion batteries were obtained by a simple spray drying process using zinc and manganese salts as precursors, followed by citric acid post-annealing at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that phase-pure ZnMn2O4 powders were obtained even at a low post-annealing temperature of 400 °C. The post-annealed powders were transformed into nanopowders by simple milling process, using agate mortar. The mean particle sizes of the ZnMn2O4 powders post-treated at 600 and 800 °C were found to be 43 and 85 nm, respectively, as determined by TEM observation. To provide practical utilization, the nanopowders were transformed into aggregated microspheres consisting of ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles by a second spray drying process. Based on the systematic analysis, the optimum post-annealing temperature required to obtain ZnMn2O4 nanopowders with high capacity and good cycle performance was found to be 800 °C. Moreover, aggregated ZnMn2O4 microsphere showed improved cycle stability. The discharge capacities of the aggregated microsphere consisting of ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles post-treated at 800 °C were 1235, 821, and 687 mA h g−1 for the 1st, 2nd, and 100th cycles at a high current density of 2.0 A g−1, respectively. The capacity retention measured after the second cycle was 84%.
- Subjects :
- nanopowders
spray drying
microsphere
lithium-ion batteries
Chemistry
QD1-999
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20794991
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Nanomaterials
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.77675a431994ec5a251649f7062ec93
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12040680