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Nanocarbon from Rocket Fuel Waste: The Case of Furfuryl Alcohol-Fuming Nitric Acid Hypergolic Pair

Authors :
Nikolaos Chalmpes
Athanasios B. Bourlinos
Smita Talande
Aristides Bakandritsos
Dimitrios Moschovas
Apostolos Avgeropoulos
Michael A. Karakassides
Dimitrios Gournis
Source :
Nanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 1 (2020)
Publication Year :
2020
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2020.

Abstract

In hypergolics two substances ignite spontaneously upon contact without external aid. Although the concept mostly applies to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been recognized from our group as a radically new methodology towards carbon materials synthesis. Comparatively to other preparative methods, hypergolics allows the rapid and spontaneous formation of carbon at ambient conditions in an exothermic manner (e.g., the method releases both carbon and energy at room temperature and atmospheric pressure). In an effort to further build upon the idea of hypergolic synthesis, herein we exploit a classic liquid rocket bipropellant composed of furfuryl alcohol and fuming nitric acid to prepare carbon nanosheets by simply mixing the two reagents at ambient conditions. Furfuryl alcohol served as the carbon source while fuming nitric acid as a strong oxidizer. On ignition the temperature is raised high enough to induce carbonization in a sort of in-situ pyrolytic process. Simultaneously, the released energy was directly converted into useful work, such as heating a liquid to boiling or placing Crookes radiometer into motion. Apart from its value as a new synthesis approach in materials science, carbon from rocket fuel additionally provides a practical way in processing rocket fuel waste or disposed rocket fuels.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20794991
Volume :
11
Issue :
1
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Nanomaterials
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.777b107c24b44baea4a20bdfa581d72b
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11010001