A study of deformation process and failure mechanism of hard rock slope based on the bottom friction test

The deformation and failure characteristics of slopes are different under different inclination and dip angles and their comparative analyses and studies are lacking. On the basis of fully considering the deformation and failure characteristics of hard rock slopes, hard rock similar materials are prepared, and the deformation and failure modes of slopes with different inclination and dip angles are analyzed with the bottom friction test method, and are analyzed with the PIVlab technology. The results show that there are obvious differences between the deformation failure mode and the failure range of down-dip and anti-dip slopes. Under the condition of 45° slope, when the dip angle of the down-dip slope changes from 30° to 45°, 60°, and 80°, the deformation and failure mode gradually evolves from slip-tensile to slight slip-bending (or slip-shear), no obvious deformation (overall stability), and to shallow toppling tensile crack. Under the condition of 45° slope and the anti-dip slope, the deformation failure mode gradually evolves from no obvious deformation under the conditions of 30° and 45° rock formation dip angles, and to dumping-cracking under the conditions of 60° and 80°. When the dip angle of the rock formation is steep, the damage range of the anti-dip slope is larger than that of the down-dip slope, and the turning end of the toppling bend is deeper. The results of PIVlab reflect that the speed and displacement vector characteristics of different positions are different under different structural slope conditions, which are consistent with the macroscopic observations, and the deformation zone characteristics are described according to the calculation results. This study can provide some reference for the stability evaluation and treatment design of similar slopes.