Evaluating the Vulnerability of Ilam City Facilities to Environmental Threats (Flood) Using Passive Defense Approach

Reducing the vulnerability of urban facilities to decrease the amount of damage using new crisis management approaches, such as passive defense, that can be effective in creating a safe environment in cities is one of the most important objectives that urban planners and managers today seek to implement in cities. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the vulnerability of urban facilities in Ilam City concerning passive defense and with an emphasis on environmental threats. The research method is a descriptive-analytical method for explaining the status quo and finding answers to the research questions. The data collection method is library and field studies. Data analysis is done by combining the two AHP Fuzzy and GIS methods. The results show that based on the principles of passive defense, the City of Ilam is vulnerable to flood hazards. Furthermore, facilities of Ilam City, including electricity and gas distribution networks and most water and wastewater distribution networks, are located in safe areas of the city based on passive defense principles. However, an important part of the network of major drinking water pipelines is located in critical flood areas. In this study, safe points have been identified from the perspective of passive defense to take the necessary steps to change the path of these pipelines by the relevant organizations.