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Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria

Authors :
Muhammad Dauda Mukhtar
Fatihu Ahmad Rufa’i
Abdurrahaman Umar Yola
Nafisa Ibrahim Babba
Daniel Baecker
Source :
Antibiotics, Vol 12, Iss 11, p 1582 (2023)
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2023.

Abstract

The worsening of antibiotic resistance is a multifactorial process. One aspect of this is the counterfeiting of antibiotic medications. This is supposed to be particularly high in developing countries, including Nigeria. Therefore, the potency of some antibiotic drugs dispensed in community pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria, was investigated in this case study. Three products, each from different manufacturers, with the active ingredients of ceftriaxone, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole, respectively, were included in this study. By means of a disc-diffusion assay, the effect against the typed strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) as well as Clostridium tetani isolated from soil was tested. Clinical isolates of S. aureus and E. coli were also used. While antibiotics, with the exception of ciprofloxacin-containing preparations against C. tetani, showed acceptable efficacy against the typed strains by comparison with the clinical science laboratory references, a predominant failure was observed with the clinical isolates. Thus, the investigated drug preparations can be considered of acceptable quality for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections. This excludes counterfeits in the sampled preparations. However, the insufficient efficacy against clinical isolates further documents the severity of nosocomial bacteria.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20796382
Volume :
12
Issue :
11
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Antibiotics
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.798857f36244e0ba782c27418b7b6a9
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12111582