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Echinocystic Acid Inhibits Inflammation and Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Model Mice

Authors :
Dewei He
Guiqiu Hu
Ang Zhou
Yanting Liu
Bingxu Huang
Yingchun Su
Hefei Wang
Bojian Ye
Yuan He
Xiyu Gao
Shoupeng Fu
Dianfeng Liu
Source :
Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 12 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2022.

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second primary neurodegenerative disease affecting human health, is mainly characterized by dopaminergic neuron damage in the midbrain and the clinical manifestation of movement disorders. Studies have shown that neuroinflammation plays an important role in the progression of PD. Excessively activated microglia produce several pro-inflammatory mediators, leading to damage to the surrounding neurons and finally inducing neurodegeneration. Echinocystic acid (EA) exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect in peripheral tissues. However, whether it inhibited neuroinflammation remains unclear. Therefore, the current study investigates the effect of EA on neuroinflammation and whether it can improve PD symptoms through inhibiting neuroinflammation. In our experiments, we discovered that EA inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Further mechanism-related studies revealed that EA inhibited inflammation by activating PI3K/Akt and inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Research revealed that EA eases microglia-mediated neuron death in SN4741 and SHSY5Y cells. In in vivo studies, the results demonstrated that EA improves weight loss and behavioral impairment in MPTP-induced mice. Further studies have revealed that EA inhibited dopaminergic neuron damage and inflammation in the mice midbrain. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that EA inhibits neuroinflammation and exerts neuroprotective effects by activating PI3K/Akt and inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways in vivo and in vitro.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16639812
Volume :
12
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Pharmacology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.79de16f0b6dc4be3bebfe30e5c6c5615
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.787771