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Quantitative Analysis of Ferrate(VI) and Its Degradation Products in Electrochemically Produced Potassium Ferrate for Waste Water Treatment

Authors :
Zoltán Homonnay
Sándor Stichleutner
Ernő Kuzmann
Miklós Kuti
Győző G. Láng
Kende Attila Béres
László Trif
Dániel J. Nagy
Gyula Záray
József Lendvai
Source :
Applied Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 19, p 9144 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

Potassium ferrate(VI) (K2FeO4) as a particularly strong oxidant represents an effective and environmentally friendly waste water treatment material. When produced by anodic oxidation in highly alkaline aqueous solution, the K2FeO4 product is separated and sealed in inert plastic bags with the retention of some liquid phase with high pH. This method proved to be excellent for long-term storage at moderately low temperature (5 °C) for industrial applications. It is still imperative to check the ferrate(VI) content of the product whenever it is to be used. Fe-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy is an excellent tool for checking the ratio of ferrate(VI) to the degradation product iron(III) in a sample. For this purpose, normally the spectral areas of the corresponding subspectra are considered; however, this approximation neglects the possible differences in the corresponding Mössbauer–Lamb factors. In this work, we have successfully determined the Mössbauer–Lamb factors for the ferrate(VI) and for the most common iron(III) degradation products observed. We have found superparamagnetic behavior and low-temperature phase transformation for another iron(III) degradation product that made the determination of the Mössbauer–Lamb factors impossible in that case. The identities of a total of three different iron(III) degradation products have been confirmed.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20763417
Volume :
14
Issue :
19
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Applied Sciences
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.7b86f2af87d0481fba2f2ca634bb81de
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14199144