Surgical outcomes and occurrence of associated vertical strabismus during a 10-year follow-up in patients with infantile esotropia

Purpose: Authors analyzed long-term surgical outcomes of infantile esotropia and the occurrence of associated strabismus, inferior oblique overaction (IOOA), and dissociated vertical deviation (DVD). Clinical factors related to the occurrence of IOOA and DVD in patients with infantile esotropia were also evaluated. Methods: Medical records of patients with infantile esotropia, who underwent surgery between 1995 and 2008, were reviewed retrospectively. Included patients were followed for at least 10 years. The incidence and age at development of IOOA and DVD were analyzed. To evaluate predisposing factors for developing IOOA or DVD, patients were divided into two groups: those with infantile esotropia only (group A) and those who developed IOOA or DVD (group B). Results: A total of 122 patients were enrolled and mean follow-up period was 16.0 years (range: 10–32 years). The mean number of surgeries was 1.7 (range: 1–5), and 64 (52.5%) patients achieved optimal horizontal alignment (esotropia