A judicious approach to induce large size growth of hydroxyapatite via applying graphene modified silicon nitride nanowires

Mimicking the structure of natural bone collagen fibers/hydroxyapatite (HA) to synthesize large size of HA for accelerated bone repair remains a challenge. Herein, silicon nitride nanowires (SN)-graphene (GE) was designed by the chemical vapor deposition, forming SN-GE (SG) similar to collagen fibers. Then, the large size HA was assembled onto SG by pulsed electrochemical deposition, the SG/HA (SGH) mimics the collagen fibers/HA structure of bone. The introduction of SG induces HA to large size grow in the form of coral-like. HA can be grown on a large size inextricably with the existence of GE modified layers. On the one hand, the upright GE sheets effectively increases the surface roughness which enhances the nucleation site of HA. On the other hand, the CO provides chemical bonding and induces HA nucleation. Compared with SN/HA(SH), the porosity of SGH decreased by 71%. The average diameter of the SGH is (9.76 ± 0.25) μm. Compared with SH, the diameter of SGH is 22 times larger than the diameter of SH. Indicating that SG induces large size growth of HA. Our work can provide a general strategy for the efficient preparation of biological scaffolds with large size HA that can be used in bone tissue engineering.