Planar SIW Leaky Wave Antenna With Electronically Reconfigurable E- and H-Plane Scanning

This paper reports on a novel technique of switching radiation characteristics electronically between E- and H-planes of planar Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky Wave Antennas (SIW-LWAs). The leaky wave mode is achieved through increasing the pitch of bounding metallic via posts on one side of SIW transmission section. The radiation switching is achieved by extending the top and bottom metallic planes to a distance of 1 mm along the leakage side. The extended section acts as a parallel plate section which is conveniently connected or disconnected from the leaking side of SIW through PIN diodes. The `ON' state of PIN diodes extends the metal guides and results in the H-plane leakage whereas `OFF' state of PIN diodes truncates the extended metal earlier and alter the leakage line boundary condition towards E-plane. The whole concept is validated by series of simulations followed by the realization and testing of the SIW-LWA. The measured radiation pattern scans about 54° in the E-plane between 10.0 GHz to 11.7 GHz, and 58° in the H-plane from 9 GHz to 10.6 GHz. The proposed topology is a suitable candidate for remote sensing and airborne applications.