The Frequency Regulation Control Method of Large-Scale Distributed Energy Storage Systems in the Smart Grid

As the penetration rate of renewable energy in new power systems continues to increase, these systems face serious frequency control issues. The limitations of traditional methods for addressing frequency control lie primarily in their reliance on the frequency regulation capability of a single battery energy storage system (BESS). This dependence not only requires a complex communication infrastructure to transmit remote control signals but also is susceptible to communication delays, leading to system instability. This paper proposes a distributed BESS robust frequency control method (load frequency control (LFC)) based on a sparse communication network, aiming to address the limitations of traditional methods in terms of communication infrastructure requirements and the impact of communication delays. Subsequently, a dual-layer model predictive control (MPC) strategy is designed. The first layer uses a nominal model for predictive control, while the second layer considers system uncertainties for auxiliary control to improve the response characteristics of the BESS, thus significantly enhancing LFC performance and achieving more effective frequency regulation. Finally, simulation results show that under different parameter conditions, such as capacity, state of charge (SoC), and time constants, the response capability and frequency regulation effect of the distributed BESS are significantly better than those of traditional methods.