Simulation of parameters effects on fluid flow behavior in the spraying nozzle: A case study of greenhouse cultivation

The study aims to investigate the effect of nozzle diameter size and pressure on the angle and flow rate of the spray nozzle in greenhouse cultivation. The misting system is a new method that is used to provide humidity and reduce the temperature of the greenhouse environment. The study used a factorial experiment in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) to investigate and compare the effect of pressure at three levels of 20, 40, and 60 bar on three types of fog sprayers (nozzle type of 0.05, 0.04, and 0.03) on the quality of spray pattern and particle distribution. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the treatments of spray type, pressure, and interaction of both treatments had a significant difference at the level of 1%. The highest spray angle of 84.93° is related to the pressure of 60 bar, and the lowest spray angle of 71.27° is related to the pressure of 20 bar. The pressure was directly related to the spray angle, and increasing the pressure increased the spray angle in the nozzle. The study also found that the best pressure in the new nozzle for the frequency distribution contour is 40 bar, and the new nozzle contours show that this type of nozzle has increased the uniformity of spraying. Overall, the findings suggest that controlling humidity and temperature in the greenhouse through the use of misting systems and optimized nozzle design can improve the speed and uniformity of plant growth and increase the quality and quantity of plant production in greenhouse cultivation.