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A Novel Sample Selection Approach to Aid the Identification of Factors That Correlate With the Control of HIV-1 Infection

Authors :
Julia Makinde
Eunice W. Nduati
Anna Freni-Sterrantino
Claire Streatfield
Catherine Kibirige
Jama Dalel
S. Lucas Black
Peter Hayes
Gladys Macharia
Jonathan Hare
Edward McGowan
Brian Abel
Deborah King
Sarah Joseph
The IAVI Protocol C Investigators
Eric Hunter
Eduard J. Sanders
Matt Price
Jill Gilmour
Source :
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2021.

Abstract

Individuals infected with HIV display varying rates of viral control and disease progression, with a small percentage of individuals being able to spontaneously control infection in the absence of treatment. In attempting to define the correlates associated with natural protection against HIV, extreme heterogeneity in the datasets generated from systems methodologies can be further complicated by the inherent variability encountered at the population, individual, cellular and molecular levels. Furthermore, such studies have been limited by the paucity of well-characterised samples and linked epidemiological data, including duration of infection and clinical outcomes. To address this, we selected 10 volunteers who rapidly and persistently controlled HIV, and 10 volunteers each, from two control groups who failed to control (based on set point viral loads) from an acute and early HIV prospective cohort from East and Southern Africa. A propensity score matching approach was applied to control for the influence of five factors (age, risk group, virus subtype, gender, and country) known to influence disease progression on causal observations. Fifty-two plasma proteins were assessed at two timepoints in the 1st year of infection. We independently confirmed factors known to influence disease progression such as the B*57 HLA Class I allele, and infecting virus Subtype. We demonstrated associations between circulating levels of MIP-1α and IL-17C, and the ability to control infection. IL-17C has not been described previously within the context of HIV control, making it an interesting target for future studies to understand HIV infection and transmission. An in-depth systems analysis is now underway to fully characterise host, viral and immunological factors contributing to control.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16643224
Volume :
12
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Immunology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.829f97530f9b45ef868ac9271d0434cc
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634832