Comparison of the Segmentation Results of Two Carrier Tracking Loop Types and Analysis of Theoretical Influencing Factors

This paper proposes an accurate quantitative segmentation method by analyzing the probability distribution of tracking variance and strict derivation based on the tracking loop theory. The segmentation points are taken as characteristics of phase lock loop (PLL) and frequency lock loop (FLL) performances, and the two factors that cause the performance difference are discriminator gain and filtering coefficient, which denote proportional and integration coefficients, respectively. The filtering coefficients lead to a difference of 2.5 dB-Hz between the FLL and PLL. Moreover, through the analysis of the normalized bandwidth and phase margin, it is found that the integration time and bandwidth need a dynamic balance to achieve the best performance. Finally, the simulation results and real data are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis results. The minimum mean error rate of the deviation between the real data and the theoretical data is only 1.8%. In the proposed method, the influence of external hardware factors on the tracking loop is removed, and the loop design factors are modeled directly. Instead of testing the denoising performance based on the ranging and angle measuring error after location calculation, the filter coefficient is proposed to evaluate the processing performance of the tracking loop objectively and directly at the theoretical level, which proposes a new performance evaluation method at the theoretical level. The results presented in this study provide theoretical support for the design of a new-type tracking loop with enhanced performances.