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β-elemene promotes microglial M2-like polarization against ischemic stroke via AKT/mTOR signaling axis-mediated autophagy
- Source :
- Chinese Medicine, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2024)
- Publication Year :
- 2024
- Publisher :
- BMC, 2024.
-
Abstract
- Abstract Background Resident microglia- and peripheric macrophage-mediated neuroinflammation plays a predominant role in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. Microglia undergo polarization to M1/M2-like phenotype under stress stimulation, which mediates intracellular inflammatory response. β-elemene is a natural sesquiterpene and possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy and mechanism of β-elemene in ischemic stroke from the perspective of balancing microglia M1/M2-like polarization. Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and photothrombotic stroke model were established to explore the regulation effect of β-elemene on the cerebral ischemic injury. The LPS and IFN-γ stimulated BV-2 cells were used to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanism of β-elemene regulating M1/M2-like polarization in vitro. Results In C57BL/6 J mice subjected to MCAO model and photothrombotic stroke model, β-elemene attenuated neurological deficit, reduced the infarction volume and neuroinflammation, thus improving ischemic stroke injury. β-elemene promoted the phenotype transformation of microglia from M1-like to M2-like, which prevented neurons from oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury by inhibiting inflammatory factor release, thereby reducing neuronal apoptosis. Mechanically, β-elemene prevented the activation of TLR4/NF-κΒ and MAPK signaling pathway and increased AKT/mTOR mediated-autophagy, thereby promoting M2-like polarization of microglia. Conclusions These results indicated that β-elemene improved cerebral ischemic injury and promoted the transformation of microglia phenotype from M1-like to M2-like, at least in part, through AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy. This study demonstrated that β-elemene might serve as a promising drug for alleviating ischemic stroke injury.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17498546
- Volume :
- 19
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Chinese Medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.83bb7f570e17489b99ccf0875c64e665
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-024-00946-6