Nanopore-based full-length transcriptome sequencing for understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of rapid and slow progression of diabetes nephropathy

Abstract Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been a major factor in the outbreak of end-stage renal disease for decades. As the underlying mechanisms of DN development remains unclear, there is no ideal methods for the diagnosis and therapy. Objective We aimed to explore the key genes and pathways that affect the rate progression of DN. Methods Nanopore-based full-length transcriptome sequencing was performed with serum samples from DN patients with slow progression (DNSP, n = 5) and rapid progression (DNRP, n = 6). Results Here, transcriptome proclaimed 22,682 novel transcripts and obtained 45,808 simple sequence repeats, 1,815 transcription factors, 5,993 complete open reading frames, and 1,050 novel lncRNA from the novel transcripts. Moreover, a total of 341 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) and 456 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the DNSP and DNRP groups were identified. Functional analyses showed that DETs mainly involved in ferroptosis-related pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, iron ion binding, and mitophagy. Moreover, Functional analyses revealed that DEGs mainly involved in oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, ferroptosis, autophagy/mitophagy, apoptosis/necroptosis pathway. Conclusion Collectively, our study provided a full-length transcriptome data source for the future DN research, and facilitate a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in fast and slow progression of DN.